onsdag 30. september 2020

"Toy Story" - Pixar`s Very First Motion Picture Ever and the First CGI Feature Ever Made

Hi folks! Welcome to my My Own Personal Nerdy Disney and Animation Scrutinizing Analysis blog. A blog where I'm analyzing several Disney films, Disney or Animation in general! These entries are just meant to be my analyses. Not reviews or statements. Just fun analyses! Though I'll make some personal remarks now and then, the content of these entries are meant to be depicted objectively. They're made for entertainment purpose only and the pictures/clips are copyright Disney or other companies. 

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At least it`s a story without a book ;)

 
 
Have you ever heard about Toy Story? If not, I'm going to tell you about it... (Yes, this is mandatory sarcasm ;)
 
 
 
 







Toy Story`s Position in Disney and Animation

I made
it
myself
just
for
you :)
At least it`s not 
a bionic light :)
Turning 25 last fall, Toy Story is
truly something that can be considered as an landmark. Not only in Cinema history, but as an innovation, nonetheless. While it wasn`t the first animated feature to actually feature computer animation, as 1982`s Tron did (and yes, it made John Lasseter intrigued by CGI), Toy Story was still not only Pixar's first full-length feature. But the first full-length CGI animated movie ever made! Therefore it`s position is pretty much comparable to how Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was back in it's days. It way a huge hit both commercially and critically. Being the second most successful movie in 1995 and being the highest-grossing film during its opening weekend. And gained a Special Academy Award for Special Achievement. Regardless of it`s pioneering achievement, it`s been labeled as a true masterpiece, nonethelesss. After all, it was the beginning of a winning streak of award-winning and critically praised films that Pixar would release fifteen years to come.
And sure, Toy Story was something that helped Disney financially. Since it was released during the mid-90`s when the Disney Renaissance was slowly declining (cough, Pocahontas and The Hunchback of Notre Dame, cough), it`s good word was something that helped Disney. Since it`s release, Toy Story has become a Phenomenon in Pop Culture. And being among several lists among the Best Animated Films ever made. Before Toy Story, Pixar had only made shorts, so a full-length feature was a first for them. Being the directing debut of Lasseter (who came up with the project) and produced by Bonnie Arnold (Dances With Wolves, Tarzan) and Steve Jobs. The story was based from Lasseter, Pete Docter, Andrew Stanton and the late Joe Ranft.











The Demise of Hand Drawn Animation

Yes, Spacemen are
cooler
than cowboys :)
So you
should be
afraid:)
In retrospect, discussing Toy Story (originally called You Are a Toy) is unfortunately somewhat of a minefield on itself. Regardless of how a landmark it was, it`s unfortunately being perceived as the one who started the demise of hand drawn animation. At least in some eyes. In my previous entries I`ve barely tapped into the fragile issue about hand drawn vs CGI. Mainly for avoiding havoc and frankly because of it`s non-relevance to my discussions. So this entry about Toy Story will somewhat tap into it, but just slightly. While it would be easy to entirely blame Toy Story for starting the trend, the truth is that the demise of hand drawn was something that happened gradually. 
I see you :) You`re stalking me 
and you`re not subtle about it :)
After all, remember that it took merely a decade before most animated studios scrapped full-length hand drawn features completely. And yes, believe it or not, at the time it was unthinkable that Disney would even dare to touch CGI animation. But even between these formative years, we saw releases of several CGI features that would take several cues from Toy Story (buddy picture, irreverent comedy, pop culture references, ect. And speaking of comedy, it was a deliberate choice to be one). And while the buddy picture formula has been criticized lately for it`s derivative overuse, it was somewhat invigorating for an animated feature in 1995 (suggested by Jeffrey Katzenberg). Yet Lasseter supported it, because the premise allowed growth to the characters.
Yes, it was switched by Thin
Lizzy`s
song:) What did you
expect?
A pivotal question during Toy Story`s release was whether CGI animation had a future against hand drawn animation. Unfortunately the tables have turned completely for hand drawn animation. And while it`s been speculated long before Toy Story that hand drawn animation would eventually die at the expense of CGI, it`s still a pity that it eventually became a reality (though Lasseter himself stated that traditionally trained animators can perfectly act with computers as well. And yes, at the time most of the animators on Toy Story were trained in traditional animation).










The Marketing on Disney`s Name & The Origins of Pixar

For us who grew up in the 90`s remember how Toy Story was marketed as a pure Disney production on merchandise (with the exception of the trailers). This was probably due to how Disney`s name was bigger at the time. But after all, we`ll have to remember that Disney was actually the biggest animation division at the time. So it makes sense that it was marketed without Pixar`s name. It was also because of the deal Pixar signed with Disney. Which meant that Pixar were obligated to fill Disney`s requests  However, Michael Eisner did eventually worry that Pixar would be a competitor to Disney someday (which is one of the reasons why he gave a greenlight to 2000`s Dinosaur). Which he was right about. 
At least it`s not poker, so 
Jack Dawson should have 
nothing to fear :)
But I`m truly not
one,
so I don`t truly
count :)
The idea of making a CGI feature began in 1984.
And prior to Disney, Pixar helped with computer graphics for movies like Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan and Return of the Jedi. While Pixar`s is known for the short Tin Toy, it had garnered an Academy Award for Luxo Jr. Since then, Pixar started to gain a name for itself. And while Pixar did just release three movies during the 90`s, at least the good word on Toy Story helped Pixar to gain momentum. But the irony here is that Pixar initially  helped Disney by inventing it`s CAPS system. So it`s not a coincidence that Pixar would eventually grow (though Disney suggested that Pixar should move on to their studio). 
My horse is
missing,
so
therefore I`m 

incomplete :)
We know that people watch us,
but we
watch you as well
now :)
At the time of Toy Story, Pixar had a contract of
doing only five films with Disney. But during the making of Toy Story, Pixar raved about how collaborative Disney was. And besides, since Toy Story was their first feature, they were pioneers on making a full-length feature in every sense (Joe Ranft was the only one who had experience with making movies. And his influence on Toy Story was more than just one). Out of the staff of 110 employer`s (as opposed to the crew of The Lion King), only 50 of them had background in CGI. But overall there were 30 animators on Toy Story, who had done independent movies priorly.












The Visuals, Medium & Choice of Toys

You should glad that I`m
inside the box :) Because of
my noise :)
They let me take a nap 
while sculpting me :) Nuff
said :)
Although the premise in Toy Story (talking toys who comes to life) had been done in animation priorly, at least it's something that is ideal for the medium. And since it was CGI, Toy Story could give it another dimension (literally). The reason for toys being chosen was no coincidence. Toys are usually plastic, so therefore it was suitable for the medium. The crew wanted to mix fictional and existing toys who had stood the test of time (which made Slinky an exception, since it wasn`t in production). But Lasseter wanted to have Hot Wheels in this and wanted it to be red. The same with G.I. Joe, but Hasbro didn`t want Pixar use it (the crew went a lot of times to Toys`R`Us with the company`s Credit Card. And some animators were even rewarded with their own toy after finishing a shot).
My adorability makes you 
forget that I`m loud :)
In many ways, having a full-length feature starring toys was somewhat of a synergy for Pixar. After having the Oscar-winning short Tin Toy released seven years priorly. Originally Toy Story was going to be about Tinny the Toy, until the crew realized that he was too old fashioned and couldn`t have the character traits the story required. Yet Disney were skeptical if a feature about toys would appeal to an adult and teenage audience (which is why Lasseter stated that Andy`s room was like the newsroom in Mary Tyler Moore Show).
Don`t ask what the green
stuff
is :) You don`t
wanna know ;)
Of course CGI animation has come a long way since 1995. And there were several things which was harder to do for Pixar back then. Looking back, there are several opinions about how the animation of Toy Story has aged (no offense to the animators). But back then it was praised for being a visual splendor. One of the perks with the CGI was to have the Dark Wader point of view in Buzz`s Lightyears introduction in his glass. And yes, the animators actually acted how it was to move with a board stitched to their feet for reference for the soldiers (one animator, Doug Sweetland, who worked on the scene at the staff meeting where Woody gets run off all the toys for so long, had his own wrap-party when he finished that scene). 
Many of the textures in Toy Story were painted by hand. Despite how photographic and procedural textures were used as well. Yet the animation itself posed certain challenges  The drawn and sculpted poses had to be posed with the faces blank and the arms stiff, to make it easy to scan into computer. But in discovering this, the crew learned some hard lessons: While building an army man and sculpting him into a nice pose, it took five months to undo that pose once it was digitized. From there on, the crew built everything like a death mask with straight-on poses. Some of the easier to construct models, like Mr. Potato Head, were modeled directly on the computer using Alias. While the other characters were sculpted by hand and scanned digitally on the computer.   
And yes, the bargain with Pixar was a compromise to get Lasseter back at Disney. Cause he didn`t wanted to be hired at Disney at the expense of Pixar. Despite that Disney made most of their movies in-house, it was their deal with Tim Burton`s The Nightmare Before Christmas which made the studio flexible to outside-deals.










The Quality of The Movie Itself, Previous Version & The Characters
 
Well, just pretend that you can
fly
above the world :) After all,
it`s a
globe and you`re a toy :)
Since Toy Story was the the first CGI animated feature ever made, it was destined to have buzz for that lone reason! But of course it was praised for it`s sheer quality, as well. As for the film itself, is actually  quite good! Being both frisky, fresh and entertaining! While the story may not be an marvel of originality, it still cleverly written with many references that only adults and teenagers will get. Originally it was going to be about aforementioned Tinny being left behind at a highway reststop. He befriends a cowboy ventriloquist dummy, who takes him in and hits the road together. They find a toy heaven at a pre-school where they`ll never get lost or outgrown. Another outline had Tinny and the cowboy dummy being at a a toy collector (an idea that got passed to Toy Story 2). 
Yes, this microphone makes
me
cool, despite it being a
toy :)
I`m glad that my glass is
covering
me, so I won`t smell
your breath :)
The dummy eventually became Woody (named for his first
incarnation as a wooden ventriloquist dummy and was originally being a Charlie McCarthy-type). Woody`s name was also an homage to Western actor Woody Strode. Whereas Buzz Lightyear was deliberately made to be every kids favorite toy (and was originally named Lunar Larry and afterwards Tempus from Morph). Buzz` position as a Spaceman was a reason for Woody being made to a cowboy (Woody was inspired by a Casper the Friendly Ghost doll that Lasseter had as a child). And Lasseter liked the contrast between Western and science fiction. 
As for our main duo, Toy Story has two likable and engaging lead characters (Woody`s being voiced by Tom Hanks, who worked with it when he was filming both Forrest Gump and Apollo 13. Matthew Broderick had raved to Hanks about how wonderful his experience for The Lion King`s Simba was. Hanks had been interested in doing animation and was chosen for Woody for his likability, even when he`s mean. And yeah, he commented that all what his character did was to scream. Both Hanks and Tim Allen became superstars after the crew signed them. Yet it`s rumored that the producers wanted Paul Newman as Woody and Jim Carrey as Buzz. Even Billy Crystal was considered for Buzz (which he later regretted).
Yes, we`re having a blink
contest :)
Toy Story was both Hanks' and Allen's first animated film. Lasseter wanted Tim Allen for Buzz. For being a macho guy with a soft underbelly and for doing an everyday guy. And least Toy Story dares to make Woody a flawed protagonist. Where his main obstacle is his jealousy for Buzz (which is only on the first movie, as the sequels handles his characterization differently). Perhaps Woody`s issue may not be original, but at least it makes him relatable (still Woody was a tricky character to pull off, as he came across as unlikable. And yes, Woody was originally going to actually push Buzz out of the window, but it was scrapped. And believe it or not, Woody was originally going to be a villain in an early draft).
Yes, I`m demonstrating that
I`m
taller than you :) Therefore
you should
obey me :)
Buzz, on his hand, has his own obstacle. Where he learns that he`s not the real Buzz Lightyear (which was a deliberate choice, to distinguish him from the rest of the toys). Originally Buzz Lightyear was going to act like a superhero, but both Lasseter and Tim Allen made him more a cop (who got a flat tire in Podunk on his way to save the galaxy). And yes, it was a huge epiphany that turned the whole movie around. And believe it or not, Buzz was originally going to be red, but he was made white, in order to stand out from his peers. 
I`m practing to be a mute 
guard at the Palace :)
I know that my
eyebrows
are
corny, but they
forced
me to have
them :)
The rest of the cast are just as memorable. Mr. Potato Head was deliberately made cranky, for always loosing his part (Don Rickles was the only choice for him. And apparently his acquaintances were only interested about him telling about the part). Slinky the Dog was the last character to be cast and was remodeled for the late Jim Varney (and James Industries Inc redesigned the toy so he was like his counterpart). Rex (Wallace Shawn) was modeled to be neurotic. John Ratzenberger was cast as Hamm for his talent of add-libbing. Annie Potts was cast as Bo-Peep. Andy`s mother was played by Laurie Metcalf (who would later on voice Jim Hawkins` mother, Sarah, in Treasure Planet). Real life drill instructor from Stanley Kubrick`s Full Metal Jacket voiced the lead Sarge.










The Villain
 
You`ll never get to the Space,
but at
least you`ll get to the
sky :) At least
it`s something :)
As for Toy Story`s main antagonist, it`s remarkable how it`s a mean-spirited, little kid (Sid, voiced by Eric von Dotten, who would do several other Disney projects, as the voice of Flynn in Tarzan and Josh Bryant in The Princess Diaries). Regardless of the debate of being appropriate to have child as a nemesis, it still noteworthy on it`s own. And it made the storyguys regress to their 10-year old selves. As Sid was based on how Joe Ranft`s and Andrew Stanton`s own childhoods (and the first explosion that Sid does was suggested by Lasseter, based on Stanton`s story). Having a villainous child created the havoc within the crew about whether a kid should be regarded as evil or not. But at least the choice actually works in Toy Story
Pick the one who gives ya less
fur ;)
It will pay off :)
But the character of Sid was tricky to pull off (having 15,977 hairs on his head). Originally he was going to be a bullying nemesis to Andy. But eventually Sid became so mean that he became downright unrecognizable. Yet a remarkable thing about Sid is his creativity. Being the most inventive of  It the characters in the film (stated by the directors). Whereas the villains in the sequels of Toy Story were obviously twist-villains. Who started off being nice and struggling with a very similar issue (of rejection). Whether Stinky Pete or Lotso should be compared to Sid, is up to you to decide. But at least Sid stands out of both of them, as he`s deliberately made villainous from the get-go. Of course we can`t forget to mention the mutant toys. Who comes across as scary at first, but ultimately are misunderstood, good characters from the get-go.



 








The Departure From Disney, The Music & Behind the Scenes Information

Yes, I`m smitten by
your grand feet :)
The task with Toy Story was to deliberately differentiate it from Disney. The crew at Pixar even made a list over what their film shouldn`t be at first. And one important element was to not having the characters break into songs at all. But believe it or not, the crew were originally considering to not have any songs at all. Still Chris Montan eventually persuaded them that songs could be used in the background. And Randy Newman was a deliberate choice, since Lasseter was a fan of his. And Newman was actually surprised by being approached to score an animated movie. Lasseter thought the score would warm up the film if it ended up looking cold.
At least we`re not Big Hero 6 :)
The signature theme, You`ve Got a Friend in Me, was executed quickly and was written before the rest of the score was conducted (Newman conducted the score at the same stage that Wizards of Oz and Singing in the Rain were recorded, which is his favorite place to record). And originally I Will Go Sailing No More was going to be more comedic and called Plastic Spaceman. At least the non-musical formula would later on influence Disney, as they would gradually leave their Broadway formula (while having restored it now). But the non-musical pattern is something Pixar has been labeled for. Even though Pixar would slowly sneaking themselves into Disney`s musical realm, eventually (cough, Brave and Coco, cough).
Don`t worry, I`ve cleaned my 
but, so it doesn`t stink :)
The jokes in Toy Story were more edgier than Disney would've normally made (which really shocked test audiences). Yet the crew had to handle the line of not being too edgy, for kids. Still Katzenberg wanted the film to be even more edgier and adult. But the edge wasn`t only desired by him, as Disney themselves wanted it. Which is one reason why Disney rejected the early story treatments by Lasseter, Stanton, and Docter. who wanted the film's tone to be "edgier". And yes, in true Pixar and Disney fashion, the first script was revamped. Which was screened at the end of 1993 and rewritten in 1994, with help of Disney and John Musker and Ron Clements (The Little Mermaid, Aladdin, Moana). Among the screenwriters were Josh Wheldon (who would later on create Buffy the Vampire Slayer). Disney produced the film under only minor financial constraints.  
This will be our stairs for this 
moment :) It`s our only way :)
And some trivia: The staging of the scene where Buzz falls out the window was inspired by Indiana Jones Raiders of the Lost Ark. The line that Rex says "We need more monkeys" was a catchphrase Ralph Eggerston used when they needed more people. The very first scene boarded and animated was the army spying on Andy`s presents. Which was the favorite sequence for the crew (and who test audiences found it funny). And yes, Toy Story introduces the Pizza Planet (which was originally called Pizza Put), which it`s truck has been a recurring trademark in various Pixar movie sever since.
  








Franchise (Sequels and Spinoffs) 

Don`t worry, the bunny ears 
will be dated someday :)
It`s needless to say that Toy Story has become a huge franchise of it`s own. It`s been followed by three sequels, which were even more successful and two of them being more cherished than it's predecessor. And which were even more emotionally heart-tugging. Originally conceived as an direct to video cheapquel, Toy Story 2 got an theatrical release in the fall of 1999. The story centers around Woody facing the fact that Andy will eventually outgrow him. Added with the subplot of being stolen by a toy collector (Wayne Knight) and being a part of the Woody's Round Up franchise. While that sequel introduced a bunch of new characters, it's admirable how they created a cowgirl (Jessie, Joan Cusack), withouth making her a new love interest for Woody. Cause cleverly enough, she becomes Buzz' love interest (while Bo Peep gets shipped away in the third movie).
At least it`s not the 
Sweet Escape :)
Toy Story 3 (released 11 years later and 15 years after the first film), takes the premise a step further and depicts Andy as a teen going away to college and giving away his toys. The emotional, heart-tugging depiction made Toy Story 3 the third animated feature ever nominated for Best Picture at the Academy Award. With it`s iconic and heart-wrenching ending that was perceived as one of the biggest haunting endings ever made (John Morris who voiced Andy as a kid, returned to voice Andy as a teen. Yet remarkably teenage Andy doesn`t truly resemble kid Andy).
It may not be Hook`s hook, 
but it`s dangerous,
nonetheless :)
In the Summer of 2019 we`ve got the fourth film in the Pantheon. To the dismay of several fans who thought the third film wrapped up the universe nicely. As expected, it took take place after the third film and revolved around Woody finding Bo Peep. Yet regardless of how well received Toy Story 3 was, it was the beginning of Pixar`s sequel/prequel phase (which was a departure from Pixar at the time, since Pixar didn`t made sequels except for Toy Story and Cars 2 at the time). While Toy Story 4 is merely alright, it`s plot feels a little skimpy, with several plot contrivances (sorry screenwriters).










It`s our version of
Scream :)
Even though Toy Story was originally going to open with an hand drawn prologue of the fictional Buzz Lightyear TV Show (which was later on scrapped, for taking away the focus from Woody), the idea came full circle with the Buzz Lightyear of Star Command hand drawn series. Toy Story was also released in form of shorts. Originally it started as short commercials in 1996  known as Toy Story Treats. Which were created as interstitials on ABC Saturday Morning, suggested by Disney. However, there have been various other shorts that have been released later years. In form of Toy Story Toons.
I`m small, but
not a fry ;)
Yes, I must have my
teddy-kitty with me :)
Despite that I`m a
grown man :)

Toy Story Toons: Hawaiian Vacation is a 2011 short directed by Gary Rydstrom. It takes place after the events of Toy Story 3 and was released in theaters before Cars 2.
Toy Story Toons: Small Fry, premiered before The Muppets. Toy Story Toons: Partysaurus Rex was released with the 3D re-release of Finding Nemo. There`s also been a couple of television specials about Toy Story. The first was a Halloween-themed special titled Toy Story of Terror! Aired on October 16, 2013. The second was a Christmas-themed special titled Toy Story That Time Forgot, aired on December 2, 2014. Recently we`ve seen Forky Asks a Question series, which has been only available on Disney Plus. Another Disney Plus property is the short film Lamp Life, revealing Bo Peep's whereabouts between leaving and reuniting with Woody between the events of Toy Story 2 and Toy Story 4. As for the time, the new spinoff movie called Lightyear was released this Summer.











Epilogue

Since we`re cowboys, we`re
not meant
to be trapped here :)
We should be free
to roam
the country :)
Regarding Toy Story`s position in movie history (regardless of it being a landmark of itself), at least it`s foolproof to assure that Toy Story is a beloved franchise, regardless. And frankly, it`s easy to see why. While unfortunately it`s existense fuels the fragile debate of CGI vs. hand drawn animation, Toy Story should regarded of it`s sheer quality alone. While the franchise has been milked, at least Toy Story was the one for Pixar as Snow White was for Disney: The one who started it all (as a synergy, the time between the very first animated short ever made, Gertie the Dinosaur and Snow White, was exact the same between Ed Catmull`s test piece and Toy Story). But at least it makes sense that Pixar will continue to milk the Toy Story wagon, due to it`s success.
They have to pose like this 
when a cowboy`s in charge :)
As for my personal opinion about Toy Story, I remember seeing theatrically during it`s release and being intrigued by it. While I was never gaga for it, I did like it enough when I saw it. In fact, while all the sequels are fine, the first Toy Story happens to be my favorite among the saga. Mainly because of it`s sheer fun and breezy tone. And since it was written to synergize it`s 25th Anniversary, at last I can wish Toy Story Happy 25th Anniversary and may you continue to have many more.




We`re running away... from the canine back the line ;)



References:
Toy Story The Ultimate Toy Box Collector`s Edition
Toy Story The Art and Making of the Animated Film (Steve Daly, John Lasseter)
Animation Magazine December 1995
Disney`s Adventures Magazine, December 1995
Disney`s Adventures Magazine, November 1996
Toy Story The Legacy Collection 
The Art of Walt Disney - From Mickey Mouse to the Magic Kingdoms and Beyond (Christopher Finch) 
Disney`s Art of Animation - From Mickey Mouse to Hercules (Bob Thomas)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toy_Story
https://www.dvdizzy.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=32109&hilit=hand+drawn (Would animation have been better if Toy Story didn't exist?)
https://www.dvdizzy.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=26923&hilit=Toy+Story (Toy Story 4).
https://www.rotoscopers.com/2015/07/27/did-pixar-kill-hand-drawn-animation-in-the-us/
https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/1995/?ref_=bo_cso_table_1  
http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-062408a.html
https://www.cracked.com/article_18985_5-insane-early-drafts-famous-movie-characters.html  
https://www.businessinsider.com/joss-whedon-cowrote-toy-story-2014-9?r=US&IR=   https://disney.fandom.com/wiki/Barbie